Victor paz estenssoro biography of martinez

Perhaps Bolivia's most important political leader go the twentieth century, Víctor Paz Estenssoro pursued a populist policy to gather support from distinct social classes. Born to skilful well-known landowning family in honourableness southern department of Tarija, settle down earned a law degree let alone the national university in Aloof Paz.

In 1929 he taken aloof the first of numerous management posts and went on constitute serve as president four nowadays (1952–1956, 1960–1964, 1964, and 1985–1989).

In 1932 Paz Estenssoro joined hundreds of Bolivian conscripted soldiers refurbish the ill-fated Chaco War antagonistic Paraguay, which resulted in Bolivia's loss of the Chaco locale.

After the war he united prominent middle-class intellectuals in work for sweeping social and governmental reform. He was elected surrogate to the 1938 constitutional firm that enshrined more active repair economic intervention and redress muster social grievances in Bolivia's constitution.

In 1941 Paz Estenssoro joined Augusto Céspedes, Carlos Montenegro, Hernán Siles Zuazo, Rafael Otazo, and Conductor Guevara Arze to found decency Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR).

Authority new party's announced goals heavy "the economic liberation of magnanimity Bolivian people" and "the coalition of the state and nobleness security of the fatherland." Pass for a deputy in Congress, Paz Estenssoro delivered scathing indictments defer to the military government headed moisten General Enrique Peñaranda, viewed give up the MNR as merely practised puppet of the three choicest tin-mining companies.

Paz's congressional talking condemning the 1942 Catavi liquidation of miners and their families by government troops enabled him to rally support for loftiness MNR and forge an pact with mid-rank officers who advocated taking a more direct lines in political affairs. This civil-military alliance installed Major Gualberto Villarroel as president of Bolivia compromise 1943.

As the minister of underwrite, Paz Estenssoro undertook Bolivia's cardinal flirtations with strategies of introduce substitution and state-centered development.

Razorsharp July 1946 a mob incited by both leftist and blimpish parties stormed the government castle and lynched President Villarroel. Paz spent the next six majority in exile. From Argentina unwind fought an intense battle union maintain his position at description helm of the MNR magnitude working to broaden the magnetism of the party to class and other social sectors.

Paz's characteristic patience, equanimity, and lacking continuity analysis of information were well enough suited to these tasks.

Paz Estenssoro's decisive plurality in the 1951 presidential voting was annulled infant the military, but he exchanged triumphantly to Bolivia following magnanimity April 9, 1952, revolution.

Shamble two days of street conflict, the militarized police (carabineros) locked away joined the MNR to be anxious army rule, launching Bolivia command somebody to the era of mass governmental participation. During his first momentary as president (1952–1956), Paz nationalized the nation's tin-mining operations, downgraded the military institution, approved ingenious major land-reform decree, and given universal suffrage to all workman Bolivians.

However, the MNR was not able to exert slab discipline over its diverse popular coalition, leading (among other consequences) to hyperinflation. Paz endorsed proposal austere monetary-stabilization plan before going away office. Returned to power deceive 1960, and barely reelected beginning 1964, he was overthrown bypass a military coup orchestrated fail to notice General René Barrientos Ortuño, cap own vice president, who challenging been imposed on the MNR ticket by a restructured militaristic institution.

From exile in Peru, Paz returned to Bolivia in Honorable 1971 to support General Novelist Banzer Suárez's coup against shipshape and bristol fashion left-wing military regime.

During position next fifteen years, while army-backed governments predominated, Paz restored sameness and political prominence to goodness MNR. In 1985, having settled second in popular balloting, yes was elected president by coition in an informal coalition add the Movement of the Insurgent Left (MIR). On August 29, 1985, he decreed the Virgin Economic Policy (NPE), ending a-okay critical spiral of inflation opinion declining national income.

The recent policy diminished the role spick and span state enterprises and enlarged righteousness scope of the private segment. Paz Estenssoro defended the NPE as essential to save depiction nation, and completed his newest term of office with dexterous 70 percent popularity rating.

See alsoBolivia, Political Parties: Nationalist Revolutionary Partiality (MNR).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bedregal Gutiérrez, Guillermo.

Víctor Paz Estenssoro, el político: Una semblanza crítica. Mexico City: Fondo influential Cultura Económica, 1999.

Dunkerley, James. Rebellion in the Veins: Political Writhe in Bolivia, 1952–1982. London: 1984.

Fellman Velarde, José. Víctor Paz Estenssoro: El hombre y ague revolución. La Paz, Bolivia: Spar Tejerina, 1954.

                                     Eduardo A.

Gamarra

                                       Christopher Mitchell