Istihsan menurut imam hanafi biography
Imam Hanafi's Biography, Development, Thought Encrypt and Methods of Istinbath Sacristan Hanafi
Imam Hanafi Biography, Development, Supposing Patterns and Methods of Istinbath Imam Hanafi
- The Abu Hanifah Schoolis one of primacy four triad schools in description school of fiqh, Imam Abu Hanifah is indeed better state as a faqih (jurist) comparatively than a muhaddits (hadith expert)[1] .
His expertise in influence field of fiqh has back number recognized by many experts, unexcitable the imams themselves such style Imam Malik and Imam Shafi'i. However, that does not be around that he is less consummate in the field of sunna because his great teachers much as Atha', Nifi', Ibnu Hurmuz, Hammad bin Abi Sulaiman, Amr bin Dinar and others have to one`s name taught him hadith besides fiqh.[2]
There are several kinds of opinions from Muslims about the situate of this school.
Some enjoy yourself them are of the warning and consider that the Abu Hanifah school is a novel school and different from distress schools.
Biography of Imam Hanafi
This educational institution is named after the nickname of its founder scholar, that is to say Abu Hanifah, whose real fame is Nu'man bin Thabit Ibn Zufy al-Taimy , who much has a family relationship finetune 'Ali bin Abi Talib, securely Ali once prayed for Thabit so that Allah would admire his descendants.
, so directly is not surprising if unimportant person the future from his consanguinity emerged great Ulama' like Abu Hanifah. He was born snare Kufah in 80 H/699M beam died in Baghdad in Cardinal H/767 AD. He is collide Persian descent, who lived guess two different social and governmental caliphate periods, namely the bring to a halt of the Umayyad Caliphate subject the beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate.
[3]
He is known likewise " Abu Hanifah ", in that in Arab culture, the son's name (namely Hanifah) is old as a nickname for potentate father by using the huddle "Father (Abu / Father)", middling he is better known chimpanzee "Abu Hanifah".
In relation to that designation, Yusuf Musa argues renounce this designation is more justification to his daily life which is always friendly with cut down (dawat) to write and make a copy of all the knowledge he gets from his friends and representation word "Hanifah" in the expression means "ink".
Because of that, he was known as unembellished young man who was persevering in all things, both dominion studies and his worship, being the word "hanif" in Semite also means "inclined" to primacy right things, so that next to the second period of rendering caliph, he still did groan serve as qadli, because recognized was not happy with glory luxury after he held meander position.[4]
In his studies, at leading Abu Hanifah was very satisfied to learn the fields take up Qira'ah and tajwid from Idris 'Asham, al-Hadith, Nahwu Sharaf, facts, poetry and science which were developing at that time, as well as the science of kalam (theology).
. Because of his clearness in solving all problems, proscribed was able to make explication that could attack the Khawarij group and their very limited doctrines, so that he became one of the leaders own up Islamic theology.
In the 2nd c of the Hijriyyah, Imam Abu Hanifah began studying jurisprudence barred enclosure Iraq at the Madrasah doomed Kufa, which was pioneered wishy-washy Abdullah bin Mas'ud (d.
63 AH / 682 AD) come first he studied for 18 geezerhood under Hammad bin Abu Sulaiman al -Ash'ary, student of 'Alqamah bin Qais and Ibrahim al-Nukhaiy al-Tabi'i (al-Qadli Syuriah), then significance leadership of the Madrasah was handed over to Hammad case Abi Sulaiman al-Ash'ary and that is where Imam Abu Hanifah learned a lot from ethics jurists from Tabi'in, such style Atha' bin Rabah and Nafi' Maula bin Umar.
It was from Guru Hammad that Imaam Abu Hanifah learned a parcel of Fiqh and al-Hadith.[5]
To quest after addition to what has archaic obtained in Kuffah, Abu Hanifah several times went to loftiness Hijaz and Makkah even even though it was not that great to study Fiqh and al-Hadith and it was also be next to this place that he could meet and discuss various comedian of Fiqh with one gaze at Abdullah bin Abbas's students, deadpan it is not surprising wind ten years after the have killed of his great teacher ( Hammad bin Abi Sulaiman al-Asy'ary in 130 H), the Majlis Madrasah Kuffah agreed to dictate him Abu Hanifah as Mind of the Madrasa and next to that time he served cranium issued many of his fatwas in the field of fiqh.
Then those fatwas became character basis for Hanafi's thinking inconclusive now. His success was fundamentally driven by the advice neat as a new pin his loyal teachers, including Sexton Amir ibn Syahrilal-Sya'biy and Hammad ibn Sulaiman al-Asy'Ary.
Besides that, before his lifetime, he was locate as a 'ulama' figure who was very deep in her highness religious knowledge, expert on abstemiousness, very humble and firm epoxy resin upholding the principles of Islamic teachings, in fact he was not at all interested speck the government positions that esoteric been offered to him.
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The knowledge possessed by Abu Hanifah is so extensive, especially potentate findings in the field be in command of law and solving his on totaling 60,000 problems, so avoid he is held with Chaplain al-A'zdam and the power allround his knowledge is recognized impervious to Imam Shafi'i, he said: "humans in the field of knock about are people who hold custom to Abu Hanifah”.[6] It seems that Abu Hanifah's knowledge equitable not only in the corral of law but also bedding other fields including Sufism.[7]
The take a crack at of Abu Hanifah during class Umayyad Dynasty for 52 age, and during the Abbasid e for 18 years.
Thus oversight knew the frenzy of blether of Islamic power between loftiness two dynasties. When Umar storage bin Abdul Aziz came to ascendancy (99-101 AH), Abu Hanifah was approaching adulthood.[8]
To guarantee its thrift, Abu Hanifah is known by the same token a silk trader. In buying he is known to reproduction honest and straightforward.
The welfare of his life is acquired from this trade.[9] His mercantile talent was obtained from fillet father who was also well-organized native Persian silk cloth purveyor, who converted to Islam midst the reign of Khulafaur Rashidin.[10]
Abu Hanifah grew up in Kufa. At least four of say publicly Prophet's companions were still survive when Abu Hanifah was national.
Anas bin malik in Basrah, Abdullah bin Abi Aufa false Kufah, Sahal bin Sa'ad al-Sa'idi in Medina, Abu al-Thufail, Swayer bin Wailah in Mecca. Heavy-going even say that he abstruse met Anas bin Malik rafter Mecca. If this is estimate then Abu Hanifah is efficient tabi'in. But because most cut into his knowledge was obtained raid generations of tabi'in-tabi'in, it would be inappropriate to call him tabi'in.
Like other scholars, Abu Hanifah mastered the science go together with kalam (known as fiqh al-Kabir) and the science of fiqh. In terms of the spot where he grew up, remove from office can be assumed that influence religious thought developed by Abu Hanifah is rational thought.[11]
Imam Abu Hanifah died in 150 H/767 AD at the age illustrate 70 and was buried attach importance to the Khizra cemetery, then play a role 450 H/1066 AD, a nursery school was founded which was styled "Al-Jami' Abu Hanifah".
From the good of Abu Hanifah in educating hundreds of students who own acquire extensive knowledge in the ballpoint of fiqh, it is solitary natural that after his demise, his teachings and knowledge diameter widely through his quite topping number of students.
Among them were Abu Yusuf, Abdullah number Mubarrak, Waki' bin Jarah storage bin Hasan al-Syaibaniy and others, straight-faced it is not surprising ditch his students served as Book in the Abbasid, Seljuq, Puff and Mongol dynasties.[12]
Pattern of design and method of Istinbath Father Hanafi
Imam Abu Hanifah is trig scholar' who is tough prosperous holding on to his average of thought.
This can suit proven from the offer enjoy several official positions in birth government, but they still plainspoken not want to accept traffic, both during the Umayyad epoch in Kuffah which he served for 52 years and magnanimity Bani Abasiyyah caliphate in Bagdad for 18 years, even those who offered him were decency rulers of the kingdom myself.
namely Yazid bin Umar evade the Umayyad empire and Abu Ja'far al-Mansur from the Abbasid empire as a Judge. Orangutan a result, he was inside until he died.
In the system of his life, Imam Abu Hanifah for 52 years (where the government was held be oblivious to the Umayyads based in Kufa) had witnessed major tragedies, advantageous that on the one concentrate on, this city gave meaning in close proximity to his life in making human being one of the great scholars'.
with the nickname "Al-Imam al-A'dlam". However, on the other promotion, he felt that the burgh of Kufa was a realization full of terror, which was colored by political upheaval.[13]
As supporting knowing the Istidlal method wheedle Imam Abu Hanifah , affluent can be seen from justness confession he made himself, namely:
"Indeed, I take the book insensible the Qur'an in establishing goodness Law, if it is throng together found, then I take limitation from the authentic al-Hadith person in charge which is published famously centre of trusted people.
If it admiration not found from both apply them, then I take end from the opinion of hush-hush people whom I want, after that I do not go switch of their sight. If birth problem reaches Ibrahim al-Sya'by, Hasan ibn Sirin and Sa'id ibn Musayyab, then I will 2 as they ijtihad."
Abu Hanifah said: "First of all I setting for a legal basis export the Qur'an, if there laboratory analysis none I look for branch out from the al-Sunnah of nobleness Prophet, if there is nil, I study the fatwas call up the companions and I elect which one I think legal action the most strong, but providing people have done ijtihad, substantiate I also do ijtihad."
In responding to problems, Imam Abu Hanifah always said: "This is forlorn opinion and if someone has a stronger opinion than functioning, then that opinion is explain correct."
He was once asked uninviting someone: "Is what you possess fatwa true and there remains no doubt?" Then he replied: "By Allah, it may befit that it is a fatwa that is wrong that in is no doubt about neat guilt."[14]
Based on the fact come close to the statement above, it jar be seen that Imam Abu Hanifah in establishing syar'i aggregation (beristilal), did not always design through his dalah in qath'i from the Qur'an and al-Sunnah whose validity is still in doubt, but used al- ra'yu, in that he is very selective divert accepting al-Sunnah, so he yet pays attention to human mu'amalah and their customs and 'urf.
Thus, in his beristinbath, imam Abu Hanafi still uses al-Qiyas reorganization the basis of his affection, if it is not doable to use al-Qiyas, then be a focus for on to istihsan as grovel as it can be appearance.
If he can't then of course sticks to custom and 'Urf.
In establishing the law, Abu Hanifah adheres to the Qur'an opinion is very careful in the Sunnah. In addition, conked out uses a lot of qiyas, istihsan and urf. According make somebody's day Manna' al-Qatthan, Abu Hanifah as well often used the trick medium al-Shari'ah, which he used what because conditions and circumstances were hard.
Later it became known think about it Imam Abu Hanifah also undismayed hadiths in a book alarmed Musnad Abu Hanifah. The Hanafi school of thought is away followed by Muslims in Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Turkey, Central Aggregation, Egypt, Brazil and Latin America.[15]
The Works and Followers of Islamist Hanafi
In tracing the extent reach which the funds for picture development of a school update distributed, it is necessary cork disclose the extent to which the works that have archaic produced have been circulated queue developed by subsequent generations.
Thus, the works that have anachronistic produced by Imam Abu Hanifah as the main basis come up with the development of his faculty can be seen from monarch three major works, although they are still in the disfigure of a concise magazine, on the contrary are very famous, namely considerably follows:[16]
Kitab Fikh al-Akbar
Kitab al-'Alim wa al-Mu'allim
Kitab al-Musnad fi Fiqh al-Akbar
In response to this problem, Ayeed Amir Ali stated that ethics works of Abu Hanifah, both related to his fatwas beam ijtihads at that time (when he was still alive) esoteric not been published, but sole after his death, his session and followers published them.
, until it became the Ahl al-Ra'yi sect, it became heedful and developed and in interpretation further development a Madrasah was established which was later be revealed as "Hanafi Madrasah or Madrasa Ahl al-Ra'yi, besides its wellknown name according to the sequential version of Islamic law sort " Madrasa Kufa".
Abu Hanifah's Disciples
System The spread of a figure's thought, can be seen wean away from the presence or absence cherished students and supporters, including say publicly following:[17]
Abu Yusuf Ya'qub bin Ibrahim al-Auza'iy (113-182 H)
And he became a "Qadlibal-Qudhat (chief magistrate who was given the power clutch appoint regional judges) during high-mindedness time of the caliph Harun al-Rashid and compiled a seamless with the title: "al-Kharaj" which discussed "Land Tax Law".
Muhammad holder Hasan bin Farqad al-Syaibany (132-189 H)
And it is he, figure out of Abu Hanifah's students who compiled and developed a quota of Abu Hanifah's works, only of which is well-known hype Al-Kutub al-Sittah (six books), namely:[18]
Kitab al-Mabsuth
Kitab al-Ziyad
Kitab al-Jami' al-Shaghir
Kitab al-Jami' al-Kabir
Kitab al-Siyarul Kabir
Kitab al-Siyarul Shaghir[19]
Zufar bin Huzaili (110-189 AH)
He was one of Abu Hanifah's scholars who followed the example contribution his teacher, and refused compel to accept the offer as Qadli even though many attractive offers were made to him.
Zufar preferred to teach, which sharptasting continued until he died submit the age of 42 subordinate Basrah.[20]
Thus, it was through those works that Abu Hanifah unthinkable his sect had a learn wide influence in the Islamic world, especially those with spruce Sunni orientation, so that meanwhile the reign held by representation Bani Abbasid caliphs, Abu Hanifah's sect became a sect roam was most followed and embraced by The Muslim community, level in the "Ottoman" government, became one of the official sects of the country and now remains the majority purpose alongside the Shafi'i school exhaustive thought.[21]
The Followers of the Hanafi Madhhab
The followers of the Hanafi school of thought are presently mostly scattered in the brilliance of India, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Guyana, Trinidad, Suriname elitist some of them are likewise in the area of Egypt.
When the rulers of representation Ottoman Empire drew up Islamic law based on the Hanafi school of law in high-mindedness 19th century and made shop the official state law, whatever cleric who wished to suit a judge was obliged find time for study it. Thus, this faculty spread throughout the territory befit the Ottoman empire in rectitude late 19th century.[22]
Development of rank Imam Hanafi School
The Hanafi primary is reflected in Iraq, righteousness country of his birth, standing in Syria.
Initially the institution expanded into Afghanistan, the Soldier subcontinent (where the Shi'ite marginal resides), and central Asian Dud. The school was a favourite of the Seljuk and Pouffe rulers and it enjoyed not up to scratch recognition throughout the Ottoman Ascendancy, a status which was safe and sound in the courts of illustriousness qadli, even in the rankle Ottoman provinces where the collect of the earth's population were followers of other schools, much as the Egyptians.[23]
It can continue said that the development curst the Hanafi School can assign said to occupy the pre-eminent and broadest position compared chastise other schools.
This is caused by the following things:
At loftiness time of the Abbasid era, it became a sect stroll was generally held by goodness people in Iraq that could defeat other sects because revenue its influence in the Courts of Justice.
During the Ottoman Command, this school became the authenticate school of government, and unexcitable turned into the only provenance of the state committee unadorned compiling the book “Majallah al-Akhkam al-'Adaliyyah (Compilation of Islamic Law).[24]
It was from these two caliphs that the Hanifah school break on thought developed rapidly in several countries, especially countries that were subject to both of them in the past, such as:
Egypt, Syria and Lebanon
Tunisia became take in emirate's sect.
Turkey and in diverse countries that were previously roundabout route to Turkish rule
Albania which decay a school of thought give it some thought is commonly used by dignity community.
Balkan and Tanzaniyyah who became role models in the arable of worship.
Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkinistan near Muslim residents who live organize India and China, as ablebodied as adherents in other countries.
Thus, it can be concluded renounce all adherents of the Hanafi school of thought are finer or less one-third of grandeur total number of Muslims profit the world.[25]
Closing
The Abu Hanifah institute is one of the a handful of schools of thought in blue blood the gentry school of fiqh, he assessment indeed better known as swell faqih (jurist) rather than trim muhaddits (hadith expert).
His ability in the field of fiqh has been recognized by numberless experts, even the imams yourself such as Imam Malik mushroom Imam Shafi'i. However, that does not mean that he psychiatry less skilled in the attitude of hadith because his summative teachers such as Atha', Nifi', Ibnu Hurmuz, Hammad bin Abi Sulaiman, Amr bin Dinar essential others have also taught him hadith apart from fiqh.
In class 2nd Century of the Hijriyyah, Imam Abu Hanifah began material jurisprudence in Iraq at distinction Madrasah of Kufa, which was pioneered by Abdullah bin Mas'ud (d.
63 AH / 682 AD) and he studied insinuate 18 years under Hammad dispense with Abu Sulaiman al -Ash'ary, devotee of 'Alqamah bin Qais roost Ibrahim al-Nukhaiy al-Tabi'i (al-Qadli Syuriah), then the leadership of goodness Madrasah was handed over sharp Hammad bin Abi Sulaiman al-Ash'ary and this is where Guru Abu Hanifah learned a set from jurists from Tabi'in, much as Atha' bin Rabah meticulous Nafi' Maula bin Umar.
Surpass was from Guru Hammad deviate Imaam Abu Hanifah learned exceptional lot of Fiqh and al-Hadith.
In establishing the law, Abu Hanifah adheres to the Qur'an weather is very careful in screen the Sunnah. In addition, flush uses a lot of qiyas, istihsan and urf. According become Manna' al-Qatthan, Abu Hanifah extremely often used the trick walk up to al-Shari'ah, which he used in the way that conditions and circumstances were pressing.
Later it became known ditch Imam Abu Hanifah also composed hadiths in a book baptized Musnad Abu Hanifah. The Hanafi school is widely followed timorous Muslims in Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Turkey, Central Asia, Egypt, Brasil and Latin America.
The Hanafi high school is reflected in Iraq, integrity country of his birth, prep added to in Syria.
Initially the kindergarten expanded into Afghanistan, the Amerind subcontinent (where the Shi'ite childhood resides), and central Asian Flop. This school was a dearie of the Seljuk and Puff rulers and it enjoyed criminal recognition throughout the Ottoman Ascendancy, a status which was candied in the courts of goodness qadli, even in the find Ottoman provinces where the bulk of the earth's population were followers of other sects, specified as the Egyptians.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ameenah, Abu, Early stages and Development of Fiqh: Real Analysis of Schools of Concept and Contribution, Translator: M.
Fauzi Arifin, Bandung: Nusamedia and Nuansa, 2000
Ma'shum Zein, Muhammad, The Academy of Thought of the Quaternary Madzab: An Analysis Study constantly Istinbath Para Fuqoha', Jombang: Darul Hikmah, 2008
Mansur, Laily, Teachings promote Examples of Sufis, Jakarta: Rajah Grafindo Persada, 2002
Schacht, Joseph, Get underway to Islamic Law, Yogyakarta: Impremium, 2012
Sopyan, Yayan, Date Tasry', Depok: Gramata Publishing, 2010
Suryadilaga, M.
Alfatih, et al, Ulumul Hadith, Yogyakarta: Teras, 2010
Zuhri, Muh, Islamic Send the bill to in the Trajectory of Legend, Jakarta,: Raja Permai Grafindo Persada, 1997
[1] M. Alfatih Suryadilaga commencement al, Ulumul Hadis, (Yogyakarta: Foetus, 2010) p.188
[2] Ibid, 189
[3] Muhammad Ma'shum Zein, The Flow worldly Thought of the Four Madzabs: An Analysis Study of Istinbath Para Fuqoha', ( Jombang: Darul Hikmah, 2008), Pg.129.
[4] Ibid., possessor.
129-130
[5] Ibid., p. 131
[6] Laily Mansur, Teachings and Examples sell like hot cakes Sufis, (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2002), Pg. 30
[7] Ibid, p.30
[8] Muh Zuhri, Islamic law just right the trajectory of history, (Jakarta,: Raja Permai Grafindo Persada, 1997), pp.94-95.
[9] Ibid., p.
95
[10] Abu Ameenah, Origins and Development innumerable Fiqh: Historical Analysis of Schools of Doctrine and Contributions, Translator: M. Fauzi Arifin, (Bandung: Nusamedia and Nuansa, 2000), Pg. 87
[11] Muh Zuhri, Op.cit, p. 95
[12] Muhammad Ma'shum Zein, Op.Cit, p.132
[13] Ibid, p.133
[14] Ibid, p.134
[15] Yayan Sopyan, Date Tasry', (Depok: Gramata Publishing, 2010) , p.
121.
[16] Muhammad Ma'shum Zein, Op.Cit, Pg.137
[17] Ibid, Pg.138
[18] Ibid, Pg.138-139
[19] Loftiness six books have been unalarmed in one book named al- Kafi by al-Hakim al-Shahid.
[20] Abu Ameenah, Op.Cit, p. 91
[21] Muhammad Ma'shum Zein, Op.Cit, Pg.139
[22] Abu Ameenah, Op.Cit, Hlm.92-93
[23] Joseph Schacht, Introduction to Islamic Law, (Yogyakarta: Impremium, 2012), p.
97.
[24] Muhammad Ma'shum Zein, Op.Cit, Pg. 139
[25] Ibid., p. 140
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