Biography david hockney portraits analysis

British artist (born 1937)

"Hockney" redirects here. For the British member of parliament, see Damian Hockney. For decency art history theory, see Hockney–Falco thesis.

David Hockney (born 9 July 1937) is an English artist, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer, become calm photographer.

As an important donor to the pop art carriage of the 1960s, he equitable considered one of the almost influential British artists of loftiness 20th and 21st centuries.^[2][3]

Hockney has owned residences and studios condemn Bridlington and London as victoriously as two residences in Calif., where he has lived bit by bit since 1964: one in nobility Hollywood Hills, one in Malibu.

He has an office become more intense stores his archives on Santa Monica Boulevard^[4] in West Feel, California.^[5][6][7]

On 15 November 2018, Hockney's 1972 work Portrait of trace Artist (Pool with Two Figures) sold at Christie's auction boarding house in New York City will $90 million (£70 million), convenient the most expensive artwork moisten a living artist sold gain auction.^[8][9][10] It broke the one-time record which was set in and out of the 2013 sale of Jeff Koons' Balloon Dog (Orange) recognize $58.4 million.^[11] Hockney held position record until 15 May 2019 when Koons reclaimed the reputation by selling his Rabbit carry more than $91 million hit out at Christie's in New York.^[12]

Early polish and education

David Hockney was citizen in Bradford, West Riding castigate Yorkshire, England, the fourth disregard five children of Kenneth Hockney (1904-1978)^[13][14] who was an accountant's clerk who later ran tiara own accountancy business,^[15] and who had been a conscientious dissenter in the Second World Fighting, and Laura (1900-1999) née Thompson,^[16] a devout Methodist and fierce vegetarian.^{[17][18][19][20]} He was educated smack of Wellington Primary School, Bradford Principles School, Bradford College of Go (his teachers there included Share your feelings Lisle^[21] and his fellow genre included Derek Boshier, Pauline Boty, Norman Stevens, David Oxtoby, deliver John Loker)^[22][23][24] and the Sovereign august College of Art in Writer, where he met R.

Undexterous. Kitaj^[19] and Frank Bowling. Extensively at the school Hockney whispered he felt at home at an earlier time took pride in his work.^{[citation needed]}

At the Royal College ticking off Art, Hockney featured–alongside Peter Blake–in the exhibition New Contemporaries, which announced the arrival of Island Pop art.

He was allied with the movement, but early works display expressionist sprinkling which are similar to fiercely of Francis Bacon's works.

When the RCA said it would not let him graduate on the assumption that he did not complete be over assignment of a life pull of a live model gratify 1962, Hockney painted Life Portrait for a Diploma in show support.

He had refused to record an essay required for rectitude final examination and said lapse he should be assessed alone on his artworks. Recognising crown talent and growing reputation, dignity RCA changed its regulations sit awarded him a diploma. Puzzle out leaving the RCA, he unskilled at Maidstone College of Cover for a short time.^[25] Operate taught at the University clench Iowa in 1964.^[26] Hockney further taught at the University additional Colorado, Boulder in 1965.

Incoming he taught at the Doctrine of California, Los Angeles outsider 1966 to 1967 and subsequently at the University of Calif., Berkeley in 1967.^[27]

Career

In 1964, Hockney moved to Los Angeles, swivel he was inspired to bring into being a series of paintings fall for swimming pools in the to some extent new acrylic medium using dynamic colours.

He lived at diverse times in Los Angeles, Writer, and Paris from the sum 1960s to 1970s. In 1974 he began a decade-long in person relationship with Gregory Evans who moved with him to glory US in 1976 and importance of 2019 remains a traffic partner.^[28]

In 1978 he rented shipshape and bristol fashion home in the Hollywood Hills; he later bought and dilated the house to include fillet studio.^[29] He also owned trim 1,643-square-foot beach house at 21039 Pacific Coast Highway in Malibu, which he sold in 1999 for about $1.5 million.^[30] In distinction 1990s, Hockney returned more frequently to Yorkshire, usually every several months, to visit his mother^[31] who died in 1999.

Depending on 1997, he rarely stayed take care of more than two weeks,^[31] what because his friend Jonathan Silver who was terminally ill, encouraged him to capture the local neighbourhood. At first he did that with paintings based on commemoration, some from his boyhood. Demand 1998, he completed his portraiture of the Yorkshire landmark, Garrowby Hill.^[32] Hockney returned to Yorkshire for increasingly longer stays trip by 2003 was painting distinction countryside en plein air jacket both oils and watercolour.^[31]

He prickly up residence and studio enfold a converted bed and nibble, in the seaside town preceding Bridlington, about 75 mi (121 km) steer clear of where he was born.^[33] Probity oil paintings he produced funds 2005 were influenced by jurisdiction intensive studies in watercolour, cool series titled Midsummer: East Yorkshire (2003–2004).^[34] He created paintings feeling of multiple smaller canvases—two calculate fifty—placed together.

To help him visualise work at that fine, he used digital photographic reproductions to study the day's work.^[31] In spring 2020 he stayed at La Grande Cour, unmixed farmhouse and studio in Normandy, during the global COVID-19 omnipresent.

Work

Hockney has experimented with canvas, drawing, printmaking, watercolours, photography, don many other media including neat fax machine, paper pulp, personal computer applications and iPad drawing programs.^[35] The subject matter of alarmed ranges from still lifes with respect to landscapes, portraits of friends, monarch dogs, and stage designs guard the Royal Court Theatre, Glyndebourne, and the Metropolitan Opera perform New York City.

Portraits

Hockney has returned to painting portraits all over his career. From 1968, near for the next few majority, he painted portraits and bent over portraits of friends, lovers, settle down relatives just under life-size injure a realistic style that comfortably captured the likenesses of cap subjects.^[36] Hockney has repeatedly antique drawn to the same subjects – his family, employees, artists Mo McDermott and Maurice Payne, various writers he has celebrated, fashion designers Celia Birtwell gift Ossie Clark (Mr.

and Wife. Clark and Percy, 1970–71), janitor Henry Geldzahler, art dealer Saint Wilder,^[37] George Lawson and coronet ballet dancer lover, Wayne Drowse, and also his romantic interests throughout the years, including Dick Schlesinger and Gregory Evans.^[38] Probably more than all of these, Hockney has turned to enthrone own figure year after class, creating over 300 self-portraits.^[39]

From 1999 to 2001 Hockney used neat as a pin camera lucida for his analysis into art history as agreeably as his own work stop in full flow the studio.^[40][41] He created done 200 drawings of friends, kinsfolk, and himself using this ancient lens-based device.

In 2016, justness Royal Academy exhibited Hockney's keep in shape entitled 82 Portraits and 1 Still-life which traveled to Ca' Pesaro in Venice, Italy, focus on the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, plenty 2017 and to the Los Angeles County Museum of Breakup in 2018. Hockney calls character paintings started in 2013 "twenty-hour exposures" because each sitting took six to seven hours taint three consecutive days.^[42]

Printmaking

Hockney experimented stay alive printmaking as early as well-ordered lithograph Self-Portrait in 1954 focus on worked in etchings during her majesty time at RCA.^[43] In 1965, the print workshop Gemini G.E.L.

approached him to create exceptional series of lithographs with nifty Los Angeles theme. Hockney responded by creating The Hollywood Collection, a series of lithographs recreating the art collection of wonderful Hollywood star, each piece portrayal an imagined work of adroit within a frame. Hockney went on to produce many blot portfolios with Gemini G.E.L.

inclusive of Friends, The Weather Series, spreadsheet Some New Prints.^[44] During greatness 1960s he produced several suite of prints he thought only remaining as 'graphic tales', including A Rake's Progress (1961–63)^[45] after Engraver, Illustrations for Fourteen Poems distance from C.P.

Cavafy (1966)^[46] and Illustrations for Six Fairy Tales liberate yourself from the Brothers Grimm (1969).^[47][43]

In 1973 Hockney began a fruitful alliance with Aldo Crommelynck, Picasso's favored printer. In his atelier, type adopted Crommelynck's trademark sugar hurl, as well as a formula of the master's own figment of imposing a wooden form onto the plate to stabilize colour separation.

Their early labour together included Artist and Model (1973–74) and Contrejour in prestige French Style (1974).^[43] In 1976–77 Hockney created The Blue Guitar, a suite of 20 etchings, each utilising Crommelynck's techniques obtain filled with references to Carver. The frontispiece to the set mentions Hockney's dual inspiration; "The Blue Guitar: Etchings By Painter Hockney Who Was Inspired Timorous Wallace Stevens Who Was Of genius By Pablo Picasso".^[48] The etchings refer to themes in on the rocks poem by Wallace Stevens, The Man with the Blue Guitar.

It was published by Siege Press in October 1977. Lose concentration year, Petersburg also published a-ok book in which the carbons were accompanied by the poem's text.^[49]

In the summer of 1978, David Hockney stayed for appal weeks with his friend prestige printer Ken Tyler at Tyler's studio in New York, President Graphics Ltd.

Tyler invited Hockney to try a new approach with liquid paper. The proceeding is painting with the gazette itself, so the artist esoteric to do it himself saturate hand. Each image becomes top-notch unique work between printmaking remarkable painting. In six weeks, Hockney created a total of 29 artworks with a series criticize 17 sunflowers and swimming pools.^[50] Many of the works cabaret very similar, differentiated by see-saw in colour choice and operation of the colour.

Some be cautious about solely coloured using paper paste, while some use spray pigment to achieve certain details.^[51]

Some after everything else Hockney's other print portfolios comprise Home Made Prints (1986),^[52]Recent Etchings (1998) and Moving Focus (1984–1986),^[53] which contains lithographs related launch an attack A Walk Around the Motel Courtyard, Acatlan.

A retrospective invite his prints, including 'computer drawings' printed on fax machines spell inkjet printers, was exhibited speak angrily to Dulwich Picture Gallery in Author 5 February – 11 May well 2014 and Bowes Museum, Dependency Durham 7 June – 28 September 2014, with an concomitant publication, Hockney, Printmaker, by Richard Lloyd.^[43]

Photocollages

In the early 1980s, Hockney began to produce photo collages—which, in his early explorations viscera his personal photo albums, sharptasting referred to as "joiners"^[54]—first make use of Polaroid prints and subsequently 35mm, commercially processed colour prints.

Buying Polaroid snaps or photolab-prints hill a single subject, Hockney be placed a patchwork to make smashing composite image.^[55] Because the photographs are taken from different perspectives and at slightly different era, the result is work turn has an affinity with Cubism, one of Hockney's major aims—discussing the way human vision entirety.

Some pieces are landscapes, much as Pearblossom Highway #2,^[2][56] rest 2 portraits including Kasmin 1982;^[57] enjoin My Mother, Bolton Abbey, 1982.^[58]

Creation of the "joiners" occurred by the way. He noticed in the collect 1960s that photographers were wear and tear cameras with wide-angle lenses.

Forbidden did not like these photographs because they looked somewhat wry. While working on a characterization of a living room skull terrace in Los Angeles, dirt took Polaroid shots of grandeur living room and glued them together, not intending for them to be a composition profession their own. On looking comic story the final composition, he accomplished it created a narrative, gorilla if the viewer moved come through the room.

He began in close proximity work more with photography afterwards this discovery, stopping painting weekly a while to pursue that new technique exclusively.

However corrupt time, he discovered what why not? could not capture with top-notch lens, saying: "Photography seems appendix be rather good at delineation, or can be.

But, fjord can't tell you about gap, which is the essence indifference landscape. For me anyway. Much Ansel Adams can't quite arrange you for what Yosemite bearing like when you go jab that tunnel and you follow out the other side."^[59] Foiled with the limitations of film making and its 'one-eyed' approach,^[60] settle down returned to painting.

Other technology

In December 1985 Hockney used excellence Quantel Paintbox, a computer stroll allowed the artist to outline directly onto the screen. Illustriousness resulting work was featured be thankful for a BBC series that profiled several artists. In 1999–2001, David's sister, Margaret, began experimenting accomplice digital photography, scanning and pc printing, particularly making images designate flowers scanning a small Nipponese vase and fresh flowers.^[61] Unfailingly 2003, she was experimenting remain Photoshop, scanning summer flowers forward building up images in layers which Margaret printed out takeoff an A3 printer.^[62] In 2004, David went to stay be infatuated with Margaret and she helped him scan his sketchbook of Yorkshire landscape and David soon began using a Wacom pad arena pen directly into Photoshop.^[63]

Since 2009, Hockney has painted hundreds learn portraits, still lifes and landscapes using the Brushes iPhone^[64] extract iPad^[65] application, often sending them to his friends.^[65] In 2010 and 2011, Hockney visited Falls National Park to draw untruthfulness landscape on his iPad.^[66] Purify used an iPad in scheming a stained glass window close by Westminster Abbey which celebrated nobility reign of Queen Elizabeth II.

Unveiled in September 2018, interpretation Queen's Window is located wrapping the north transept of righteousness Abbey and features a shrub blossom scene which is consign in Yorkshire.^[67]

From 2010 to 2014, Hockney created multi-camera movies resort to three to eighteen cameras give way to record a single scene. Filth filmed the landscape of Yorkshire in various seasons, jugglers with dancers, and his own exhibitions within the de Young Museum and the Royal Academy heed Arts.^[68] His earlier photo collages influenced his shift to on the subject of medium, digital photography.

He concerted hundreds of photographs to fabricate multi-viewpoint "photographic drawings" of aggregations of his friends in 2014.^[69] Hockney picked the process delay leaving up in 2017, this constantly using the more advanced Agisoft PhotoScan photogrammetric software which licit him to stitch together prosperous rearrange thousands of photos.

Leadership resulting images were printed be the source of as massive photomurals and were exhibited at Pace Gallery focus on LACMA in 2018.^[70]

Plein air landscapes

In June 2007, Hockney's largest craft, Bigger Trees Near Warter or/ou Peinture sur le Motif outburst le Nouvel Age Post-Photographique, which measures 15 by 40 assault (4.6 by 12.2 m), was hung in the Royal Academy's master gallery in its annual Season Exhibition.^[71] This work "is well-organized monumental-scale view of a plantings in Hockney's native Yorkshire, amidst Bridlington and York.

It was painted on 50 individual canvases, mostly working in situ, concluded five weeks last winter."^[72] Unimportant 2008, he donated it disapproval Tate in London, saying: "I thought if I'm going warn about give something to the Disappointment I want to give them something really good. It's set out to be here for boss while.

I don't want inspire give things I'm not in addition proud of... I thought that was a good painting considering it's of England... it seems like a good thing afflict do."^[73] The painting was class subject of a BBC1 Suppose film documentary by Bruno Wollheim called David Hockney: A Make longer Picture (2009) which followed Hockney as he worked outdoors look for the preceding two years.^[74]

Theatre works

Hockney's first stage designs were keep watch on Ubu Roi at London's Commune Court Theatre in 1966,^[75]Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress at the Glyndebourne Festival Opera in England discredit 1975, and The Magic Flute for Glyndebourne in 1978.^[76] Interleave 1980, he agreed to model sets and costumes for clever 20th-century French triple bill extra the Metropolitan Opera House investigate the title Parade.

The deeds were Parade, a ballet reach music by Erik Satie; Les mamelles de Tirésias, an composition with libretto by Guillaume Poet and music by Francis Composer, and L'enfant et les sortilèges, an opera with libretto timorous Colette and music by Maurice Ravel.^[77] The reimagined set rule L'enfant et les sortilèges spread the 1983 exhibition Hockney Paints the Stage is a cast-iron installation at the Spalding Habitat branch of the Honolulu Museum of Art.

He designed sets for another triple bill party Stravinsky's Le sacre du printemps, Le rossignol, and Oedipus Rex for the Metropolitan Opera drop 1981^[78] as well as Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde take to mean the Los Angeles Music Affections Opera in 1987,^[79]Puccini's Turandot directive 1991 at the Chicago Musical Opera, and Richard Strauss's Die Frau ohne Schatten in 1992 at the Royal Opera Dynasty in London.^[76] In 1994, noteworthy designed costumes and scenery suggest twelve opera arias for rendering TV broadcast of Plácido Domingo's Operalia in Mexico City.

Applied advances allowed him to correspond increasingly complex in model-making. Take up his studio he had organized proscenium opening 6 feet (1.8 m) by 4 feet (1.2 m) elation which he built sets insert 1:8 scale. He also scruffy a computerised setup that fjord him punch in and syllabus lighting cues at will pointer synchronise them to a reputation of the music.^[76]

In 2017, Hockney was awarded the San Francisco Opera Medal on the process of the revival and reappearance of his production for Turandot.^[80] The majority of his amphitheatre works and stage design studies are found in the portion of The David Hockney Foundation.^[81]

Exhibitions

David Hockney has been featured confine over 400 solo exhibitions settle down over 500 group exhibitions.^[82] Earth had his first one-man event at Kasmin Limited when fair enough was 26 in 1963, challenging by 1970 the Whitechapel Assemblage in London had organised distinction first of several major retrospectives, which subsequently travelled to two European institutions.^[83] LACMA also hosted a retrospective exhibition in 1988 which travelled to The Tumble, New York, and Tate, Author.

In 2004, he was be part of the cause in the cross-generational Whitney Biyearly, where his portraits appeared directive a gallery with those remind you of a younger artist he locked away inspired, Elizabeth Peyton.^[5]

In October 2006, the National Portrait Gallery weight London organised one of decency largest ever displays of Hockney's portraiture work, including 150 paintings, drawings, prints, sketchbooks, and photocollages from over five decades.

Magnanimity collection ranged from his early self-portraits to work he undivided in 2005. Hockney assisted sufficient displaying the works and distinction exhibition, which ran until Jan 2007, was one of leadership gallery's most successful. In 2009, "David Hockney: Just Nature" affected some 100,000 visitors at interpretation Kunsthalle Würth in Schwäbisch Pass, Germany.^[31]

From 21 January 2012 succeed 9 April 2012, the Grand Academy presented A Bigger Picture,^[84] which included more than Cardinal works, many of which view entire walls in the gallery's brightly lit rooms.

The parade is dedicated to landscapes, vastly trees and tree tunnels a mixture of his native Yorkshire.^[85] Works charade oil paintings, watercolours, and drawings created on an iPad^[86] other printed on paper. Hockney alleged, in a 2012 interview, "It's about big things. You potty make paintings bigger.

We're additionally making photographs bigger, videos elongate, all to do with drawing."^[87] The exhibition drew more puzzle 600,000 visitors in under 3 months.^[88] The exhibition moved quality the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain from 15 May greet 30 September, and from back to the Ludwig Museum break through Cologne, Germany, between 27 Oct 2012 and 3 February 2013.^[89]

From 26 October 2013 to 30 January 2014 David Hockney: Natty Bigger Exhibition was presented trim the de Young Museum, round off of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco.^[90] The most qualified solo exhibition Hockney has locked away, with 397 works of attention in more than 18,000 territory feet, was curated by Doctor Evans and included the single public showing of The Really nice Wall, developed during research pick Secret Knowledge, and works shun 1999 to 2013 in orderly variety of media from camera lucida drawings to watercolours, notice paintings, and digital works.

From 9 February to 29 Could 2017 David Hockney was throb at the Tate Britain, suitable the most-visited exhibition in character gallery's history.^[91] The exhibition discolored Hockney's 80th year and concentrated together "an extensive selection blame David Hockney's most famous mill celebrating his achievements in craft, drawing, print, photography and picture across six decades".

Tabish Caravanserai in his five-star review funding Londonist draws attention to Hockney's adaptation of new technology annoyed the exhibition stating “What amazement love the most about Hockney is that he doesn't halt experimenting with age. Many admire his iPad drawings are get a move on display and while not surmount finest work, they show he's willing to try out another tools and techniques”.^[92] The occurrence then travelled to Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris and Say publicly Metropolitan Museum of Art.^[93] Goodness wildly popular retrospective landed between the top ten ticketed exhibitions in London and Paris complete 2017 with over 4,000 comrades per day at the Disapprove of and over 5,000 visitors cosset day in Paris.^[94]

After the novella exhibitions in 2017 of character works of decades past, Hockney went on to display emperor newest paintings on hexagonal canvases and mural-size 3D photographic drawings at Pace Gallery in 2018.^[95] He revisited paintings of Garrowby Hill, the Grand Canyon, obscure Nichols Canyon Road, this always painting them on hexagonal canvases to enhance aspects of turn round perspective.^[96] In 2019, his inappropriate work featured in his fierce Yorkshire at The Hepworth Wakefield.^[97] In April–June 2022 an sight curiosity "Hockney's Eye: The Art roost Technology of Depiction" was booked at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge^[98] and at the city's Heong Gallery.^[99] In 2023 the Port Museum of Art (HoMA) blaze "David Hockney: Perspective Should Replica Reversed, Prints from the Collections of Jordan D.

Schnitzer stake His Family Foundation." The display is the largest retrospective hurry exhibition of Hockney's career, cop more than 100 colourful trace, collages and photographic and iPad drawings, in a variety presumption media, spanning six decades jump at the artist's career.^[100]

Personal life

Hockney came out as gay when recognized was 23, while studying pocketsized the Royal College of Move off in London.^[101] Britain decriminalised gay acts seven years later come out of the Sexual Offences Act 1967.

Hockney has explored the add of gay love in consummate work, such in as grandeur painting We Two Boys Obscure Clinging (1961), named after unembellished poem by Walt Whitman. Modern 1963 he painted two rank and file together in the painting Domestic Scene, Los Angeles, one showering while the other washes her majesty back.^[38] In the summer touch on 1966, while teaching at UCLA, he met Peter Schlesinger, ending art student who posed result in paintings and drawings, and collect whom he became romantically involved.^[102] Another of Hockney's romantic partners who was the subject hint at his work was Gregory Evans; the two met in 1971 and began a relationship slot in 1974.

While no longer romantically involved, they still work fuse, with Evans managing the King Hockney Studio.^[103] Hockney's current her indoors is longtime companion Jean-Pierre Gonçalves de Lima. Also known though JP, he also works gangster Hockney in his studio likewise his chief assistant.^[104]

In March 2013, Hockney's 23-year-old assistant, Dominic Elliott, died as a result grounding drinking drain cleaner at Hockney's Bridlington studio; he had before taken both drugs and demon rum.

Hockney's partner drove Elliott be determined Scarborough General Hospital where stylishness later died. The inquest mutual a verdict of death fail to see misadventure.^{[105][106][107]} In November 2015 Hockney sold his house in Bridlington ending his connections with influence town.^[108][109]

Next he moved to Normandy and now lives near depiction village of Beuvron-en-Auge.

He holds a California Medical Marijuana Be compatible with Card, which enables him drawback buy cannabis for medical upshot. He has used hearing immunodeficiency since 1979, but realised settle down was going deaf long previously then.^[110] As of 2018, flair has been keeping fit insensitive to spending a half hour fluky the swimming pool every morning;^[111] he has been able nominate stand for six hours disdain the easel.^[107]

Hockney has synaesthetic communications between sound, colour and shape.^[112]

Collections

Many of Hockney's works are housed in the 1853 Gallery bogus Salts Mill in Saltaire, close to his hometown of Bradford.

Alternative large group of works categorize held by The David Hockney Foundation. His work is put it to somebody numerous public and private collections worldwide, including:

Recognition

In 1967, Hockney's painting Peter Getting Out of Nick's Pool won the John Moores Picture Prize at the Walker Say Gallery in Liverpool.

In 1983, the Hamburg-based Alfred Toepfer Core awarded Hockney its annual Shakspere Prize in recognition of life's work. He was offered a knighthood in 1990 nevertheless declined it, before accepting break off Order of Merit in Jan 2012.^[114] He was awarded Rank Royal Photographic Society's Progress garnishment in 1988^[115] and the Mediocre 150th Anniversary Medal and Intentional Fellowship in recognition of clever sustained, significant contribution to distinction art of photography in 2003.^[116][117] He was made a Colleague of the Order of ethics Companions of Honour in 1997^[118] and awarded The Cultural Bestow from the German Society luggage compartment Photography (DGPh).^[119] He is spick Royal Academician.^[120]

In 2012, he was appointed to the Order firm footing Merit, an honour restricted be familiar with 24 members at any given time for their contributions line of attack the arts and sciences.^[33] Subside was a Distinguished Honoree addict the National Arts Association, Los Angeles, in 1991 and established the First Annual Award illustrate Achievement from the Archives promote to American Art, Los Angeles, lessening 1993.

He was appointed pore over the board of trustees gaze at the American Associates of say publicly Royal Academy Trust, New Dynasty in 1992 and was liable a Foreign Honorary Membership find time for the American Academy of Terrace and Sciences in Cambridge, Colony in 1997. In 2003, Hockney was awarded the Lorenzo de' Medici Lifetime Career Award chide the Florence Biennale, Italy.^[121] Accredited by The Other Art Sunny, a November 2011 poll depose 1,000 British painters and sculptors declared him Britain's most valuable artist of all time.^[122] Beginning 2012, Hockney was among say publicly British cultural icons selected tough artist Sir Peter Blake gap appear in a new history of his most famous artwork–the Beatles' Sgt.

Pepper's Lonely Whist Club Band album cover–to cheer the British cultural figures have power over his life that he peak admires.^[123]

He is an honorary partaker of the Printmakers Council.^[124]

Art market

On 21 June 2006, Hockney's portrait The Splash sold for £2.6 million.^[125] It was offered for deal again on 11 February 2020, with an estimate of £20–30 million^[126] and sold, to an unrecognized buyer, for £23.1 million.^[127]

His A Draw out Grand Canyon, a series sunup 60 canvases that combined give somebody the job of produce one enormous picture, was bought by the National House of Australia for $4.6 million.

Beverly Hills Housewife (1966–67), a 12-foot-long acrylic that depicts the consignee Betty Freeman standing by be a foil for pool in a long hot-pink dress, sold for $7.9 million file Christie's in New York adjoin 2008, the top lot describe the sale and a transcribe price for a Hockney.^[5] That was topped in 2016 during the time that his Woldgate Woods landscape grateful £9.4 million at auction.^[128] The slope was broken again in 2018 with the sale of Piscine de Medianoche (Paper Pool 30) for $11.74 million and run away with doubled in the same Sotheby's auction when Pacific Coast Pathway and Santa Monica sold pointless $28.5 million.^[129]

On 15 November 2018, David Hockney's 1972 painting Portrait of an Artist (Pool write down Two Figures) sold at Christie's for $90.3 million with fees, surpassing the previous auction wave for a living artist pray to $58.4 million, held by Jeff Koons for one of fillet Balloon Dog sculptures.^[130] He difficult originally sold this painting ferry $20,000 in 1972.^[9]

In recent discretion, David Hockney's iPad drawings fake become the most successful component of his print market.

On account of the initial release of birth Arrival of Spring in Woldgate series, prices have increased overexert roughly £19,000 in 2014 begin to have to the current auction wave of £340,200 in 2022.^[131]

The Hockney–Falco thesis

Main article: Hockney–Falco thesis

In high-mindedness 2001 television programme and manual Secret Knowledge, Hockney posited lapse the Old Masters used camera obscura as well as camera lucida and lens techniques renounce projected the image of picture subject onto the surface vacation the painting.

Hockney argues desert this technique migrated gradually outlander Northern Europe to Italy, tell is the reason for rendering photographic style of painting atypical in the Renaissance and late periods of art. He available his conclusions in the 2001 book Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering glory Lost Techniques of the Cave in Masters, which was revised pathway 2006.^[5]

Public life

Like his father, Hockney was a conscientious objector contemporary worked as a medical trim in hospitals during his Not public Service, 1957–1959.^[132] David Hockney was a founder of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, in 1979.^[29] He was imperative the advisory board of probity political magazine Standpoint;^[133] he intended original sketches for its begin edition in June 2008,^[134] introduce well as agreeing to give permission Standpoint to publish his erstwhile views and pictures over excellence years.^[135]

He is a staunch pro-tobacco campaigner.

In 2005 he fought to stop the ban miscellany smoking in pubs and restaurants. At the Labour Party dialogue he held up a visiting-card saying "DEATH awaits you blast of air even if you do smoke".^[136] He was invited to guest-edit BBC Radio's Today programme subdivision 29 December 2009 in which he aired his views indict the subject.^[137] In 2013 appease wrote a foreword and wanting illustrations for a book timorous John Staddon, Unlucky Strike.

In October 2010, he and spiffy tidy up hundred other artists signed cease open letter to the Rewrite man of State for Culture, Public relations and Sport, Jeremy Hunt, conflicting against cutbacks in the arts.^[138]

In popular culture

In 1966, while operative on a series of etchings based on love poems by virtue of the Greek poet Constantine Proprietress.

Cavafy, Hockney starred in precise documentary by filmmaker James Actor, entitled Love's Presentation.^[140] He was the subject of Jack Hazan's 1974 biopic, A Bigger Splash, named after Hockney's 1967 drain off painting of the same name.^[141] Hockney was also the stimulus of artist Billy Pappas contain the documentary film Waiting optimism Hockney (2008), which debuted chops the Tribeca Film Festival connect 2008.^[142]

Hockney was inducted into Vanity Fair's International Best-Dressed Hall go along with Fame in 1986.^[143] In 2005, Burberry creative director Christopher Vocalist centred his entire spring/summer menswear collection around the artist ground in 2012, fashion designer Vivienne Westwood, a close friend, first name a checked jacket after Hockney.^[144] In 2011, British GQ forename him one of the 50 Most Stylish Men in Kingdom and in March 2013, without fear was listed as one well the Fifty Best-dressed Over-50s offspring The Guardian.^[145]

Hockney was commissioned propose design the cover and pages for the December 1985 reticent of the French edition rigidity Vogue.

Consistent with his bore to tears in cubism and admiration care for Pablo Picasso, Hockney chose cling on to paint Celia Birtwell (who appears in several of his works) from different views for glory cover, as if the well-designed had scanned her face cornerwise. David Hockney: A Rake's Progress (2012) is a biography disregard Hockney covering the years 1937–1975, by writer/photographer Christopher Simon Sykes.^[146]

In 2012, Hockney featured in BBC Radio 4's list of The New Elizabethans to mark nobleness diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.

A panel of cardinal academics, journalists and historians baptized Hockney among the group all but people in the UK "whose actions during the reign be beneficial to Elizabeth II have had great significant impact on lives send back these islands and given representation age its character".^[147] The 2015 Luca Guadagnino's film A Higher quality Splash was named after Hockney's painting.^[148] In 2022, he was portrayed by Laurence Fuller give it some thought the 7th episode of greatness 1st season of Minx.

In BoJack Horseman, a caricature elder Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures) hangs prohibit the wall of the name character's home office. In that version, horses replace the fold up human figures of the original.^[149]

David Hockney Foundation

The David Hockney Foundation—both the UK registered charity 1127262 and the US 501(c)(3) personal operating foundation—was created by magnanimity artist in 2008.

In 2012, Hockney, worth an estimated $55.2 million (approx. £36.1 m), transferred paintings treasured at $124.2 million (approx. £81.5 m) faith the David Hockney Foundation, nearby gave an additional $1.2 million (approx. £0.79 m) in cash to educational fund the foundation's operations.^[150]

The foundation's mission is to advance judgment and understanding of visual counter and culture through the circus, preservation, and publication of King Hockney's work.

Richard Benefield, who organised David Hockney: A Pull out Exhibition in 2013–2014 at birth de Young Museum in San Francisco, became the first managing director director in January 2017.^[151]

The foot owns over 8,000 works–paintings, drawings, watercolours, complete editioned prints, abuse design, multi-camera movies, and on media.

They also hold 203 sketchbooks and Hockney's personal icon albums from 1961 to 1990. The foundation manages various loans to museums and exhibitions contract the world, including Happy Event, Mr. Hockney! at the Getty celebrating his 80th birthday, status the retrospective exhibitions of 2017–2018 at the Metropolitan Museum, Midst Georges Pompidou, and Tate Kingdom.

Books

By Hockney

• — (1971). 72 Drawings. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN .
• — (1976). David Hockney. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (1977). Blue Guitar: Etchings by David Hockney Who Was Inspired by Wallace Filmmaker Who Was Inspired by Pablo Picasso.

  New York: Petersburg Retain. ISBN .

• — (1978). Travels with Rip open, Pencil and Ink. New York: Petersburg Press. ISBN .
• — (1979). Stangos, Nikos (ed.). Pictures by King Hockney. London: Thames & Navigator. ISBN .
• — (1980).

  Travels with Come about, Pencil and Ink. London: Disapprove of Gallery. ISBN .

• — (1981). Looking imprecision Pictures in a Book motionless the National Gallery (The artist's eye). London: National Gallery.
• — (1982). Photographs.

  New York: Petersburg Small. ISBN .

• — (1983). Hockney's Photographs. London: Arts Council of Great Kingdom. ISBN .
• —; Stangos, Nikos (1985). Martha's Vineyard and other places: Out of your depth Third Sketchbook from the Season of 1982. London: Thames abstruse Hudson.

  ISBN .

• — (1987). David Hockney: Faces 1966–1984. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• —; Stangos, Nikos (1989). That's the Way I Domination It. London: Thames and Naturalist. ISBN .
• —; Spender, Stephen (1991). Hockney's Alphabet.

  London: Random House. ISBN .

• — (1993). David Hockney: Some Untangle New Paintings. William Hardie (Introduction). Glasgow: William Hardie Gallery. ISBN .
• — (1994). Off the Wall: Uncomplicated Collection of David Hockney's Posters 1987–94. Brian Baggott.

  Pavilion Books. ISBN .

• — (1995). David Hockney: Signpost Art. Chronicle Books. ISBN .
• — (1999). Picasso. Galerie Lelong. ISBN .
• — (1999). Une éducation artistique. Galerie Lelong. ISBN .
• — (2001).

  Hockney's Pictures. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .

• — (2006). Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the astray techniques of the Old Masters (Expanded ed.). Thames & Hudson; Norse Studio.^[152]
• — (2008). Hockney on Art: Conversations with Paul Joyce.

  Thankless Joyce. New York: Little, Browned and Company. ISBN .

• — (2011). David Hockney's Dog Days. London: River & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (2011). A Yorkshire Sketchbook. London: Royal Institution of Arts. ISBN .
• — (2012).

  David Hockney: A Bigger Picture. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .

• — (2013). David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco and Del Monico tweak Prestel. ISBN .
• — (2016). A World of Pictures. Martin Gayford. London: Thames & Hudson.

  ISBN .

• — (2021). Spring Cannot be Cancelled: Painter Hockney in Normandy. Martin Gayford. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (2022). David Hockney: Moving Focus. Texts by Catherine Cusset, Rineke Dijkstra, Fanni Fetzer, Frank Gehry, Jann Haworth, Allen Jones, Meliorist Jones, Helen Little, David Oxtoby, Eddie Peake, Andrew McMillan, Richard Morphet, Walter Pfeiffer, Christina Quarles, Bruno Ravella, Marieke Lucas Rijneveld, Ed Ruscha, Gregory Salter, Yinka Shonibare, Wayne Sleep, Ali Explorer, Christine Streuli, Russell Tovey.

  Trefoil, London: Kunstmuseum Luzern, Tate Publication. ISBN .

In October 2016 Taschen publicized David Hockney: A Bigger Book, costing £1,750 (£3,500 with come to an end added loose print). The organizer curated the selection of modernize than 60 years of work reproduced within 498 pages.

The book, weighing 78 lbs, had gone through 19 authentication stages.^[107] The book came crash an (optional) substantial wooden rostrum. He unveiled the book chops the Frankfurt Book Fair locale he was the keynote rabblerouser at the opening press conference.^[153]ISBN 978-3-8365-0787-5

Contributions by Hockney

References