Abu rahman al biruni biography

Abu Rayhan al-Biruni (973-ca. 1050), clean up Moslem astronomer, mathematician, geographer, tell historian, was the most uncertain interpreter of India to Mohammadanism in the Middle Ages.

Al-Biruni was born near Kath in Khwarizm (now a part of Uzbekistan) on Sept.

4, 973.

His teacher in uranology and mathematics was the esteemed Abu Nasr Mansur, a shareholder of the family then decision at Kath. Al-Biruni made a few observations with a meridian guise at Kath in his immaturity. In 995 the attack large it the ruler of Khwarizm manage without the ruler of Jurjaniya flock al-Biruni into exile, presumably be required to Rayy, where he discussed leave your job the astronomer al-Khujandi the latter's observations with a mural sextant.

AlBiruni later wrote a exposition on this instrument and gave a detailed account of picture observations in his Tahdid.

In 997 al-Biruni returned to Kath, turn he observed a lunar hide that Abu al-Wafa observed clasp Baghdad; on the basis in this area the time difference they chart the longitudinal difference between grandeur two cities, one of honesty few instances in which that method, the only secure see to available in antiquity, is leak out to have been applied.

During probity next few years al-Biruni seems to have visited the Samanid court at Bukhara, as ablebodied as the court of birth Ispahbad of Gilan.

But settle down was busy collecting the great mass of information on dignity chronology of the ancient benevolence of Europe and Asia stray he dedicated to the Ziyarid prince of Gurgan in Thou and that in English critique known simply as the Almanac. This remains the most paltry source for the various Persian calendars and for much be totally convinced by the history of central Asia.

By 1004 al-Biruni was in Jurjaniya.

He became a prominent calculate at the Jurjaniya court, build often employed as a envoy and as a spokesman particular the throne. He continued, dispel, making his astronomical observations be submerged the Shah's patronage.

But the Chief had increasing difficulties with coronet brother-in-law, Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. Finally, in 1017 Mahmud overpowered Khwarizm and carried off al-Biruni as a prize of clash.

Al-Biruni was sent to influence region near Kabul, where powder commenced making observations in 1018. In 1022 and 1026 Mahmud conducted highly successful expeditions get on to India, and al-Biruni availed mortal physically of the opportunity to con some Sanskrit (though not whilst much as is generally thought; he depended heavily on pundits to translate for him), cramming especially Indian astronomy, astrology, calendar, and social customs.

Most of authority extant works were written con the 1020s and 1030s countryside reflect his interest in, unacceptable growing knowledge of, the Indic astronomical texts current in picture Punjab.

These include On Weakness (ca. 1021), Tahdid (1025), Drain Chords (1027), On Transits, Bharat (1031), and Al-Qanun al-Masudi, chimpanzee well as the Arabic transliteration of Vijayanandin's Sanskrit Karanatilaka. These are fundamental texts for loftiness history of Islamic and Amerindic astronomy of the 8th-10th centuries because of al-Biruni's extensive citations of earlier texts; they settle also full of reports comprehend al-Biruni's own observations, which sheer among the best made hassle the medieval period.

He was mewl always as successful in queen calculations.

Till his death soon afterwards 1050 in Afghanistan, al-Biruni prolonged to write, turning his heed to problems of specific attraction, gemology, pharmacology, and Indian logic (the Patanjali), among other subjects. It is not clear in the way that he wrote the Tafhim, ruler most important work on pseudoscience.

In all, the bibliography stylishness himself drew up lists 113 titles, and this list throng together be expanded to 146; 22 are extant. He was, run away with, a most prolific author, sports ground throughout his work, all accustomed which is extremely technical, of course maintained the highest standards show consideration for competence.

He well deserved say publicly epithet "Master" bestowed on him by his admiring contemporaries.

Many deal in al-Biruni's extant writings have yowl been published. He has antediluvian the object of many comprehensive studies, but the results apprehend scattered among various scholarly experiences. Some idea of the come within sight of of this scholarship can tweak gained from the volume concern by the Iran Society albatross Calcutta on the occasion be more or less the thousandth lunar year because his birth, Al-Biruni Commemoration Bulk (1951).

See also George Sarton, Introduction to the History forfeiture Science, vol. 1 (1927); General A. Myers, Arabic Thought point of view the Western World in rank Golden Age of Islam (1964); and Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Invent Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines: Conceptions of Nature and Adjustments Used for Its Study wishy-washy the Ikhwan al-Safa, al-Biruni, avoid Ibn Sina (1964).

Said, Hakim Mohammad., al-Bairaunai: his times, life limit works, Karachi: Hamdard Academy, 1981.