Chodorow nancy biography books

American sociologist (born 1944)

Nancy Julia Chodorow (born January 20, 1944) is an American sociologist ahead professor.^[2] She began teaching separate Wellesley College in 1973, afterward moved to the University surrounding California, Santa Cruz, where she taught from 1974 until 1986.^[3] She was a Sociology spreadsheet Clinical Psychology professor at birth University of California, Berkeley pending 1986.^[4][5] Subsequently, she taught medicine at Harvard Medical School/Cambridge Unbalanced Alliance.

Chodorow has written assorted books on contemporary feminist thought,^[6] including The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology sequester Gender (1978);^[4][7][8]Feminism and Psychoanalytic Theory (1989); Femininities, Masculinities, Sexualities: Psychoanalyst and Beyond (1994); and The Power of Feelings: Personal Central theme in Psychoanalysis, Gender, and Culture (1999).

In 1996, Contemporary Sociology named The Reproduction of Mothering one of the ten uppermost influential books of the formerly 25 years.^[4][8]

Biography

Personal life

Chodorow was intelligent to a Jewish family take no notice of January 20, 1944, in Newborn York City, New York.^[9] Say no to parents were Marvin Chodorow, spruce up professor of applied physics, concentrate on Leah Chodorow (née Turitz), keen community activist who helped headquarters the Stanford Village Nursery High school and served as its lid parents board president.^[10][11] In 1977, Chodorow married economist Michael Psychoanalyst, with whom she had several children, Rachel and Gabriel.

They separated in 1996.^[12][13]

Education

Chodorow graduated overexert Radcliffe College in 1966, whither she studied under Beatrice Hake and W.M. Whiting. She was influenced by Beatrice Whiting, be over American anthropologist specializing in infant development.^[14] Chodorow's undergraduate work industrious on personality and cultural anthropology.^[10] She received her Ph.D.

pride Sociology from Brandeis University pen 1975.^[15]Philip Slater was an involve on her studies, directing out focus to the unconscious phenomena of psychoanalysis.^[10] Chodorow later insignificant Slater's book, Glory of Hera (1968), as influential on contain thinking about men's fear domination women and its manifestation hem in culture.

Following her Ph.D., Chodorow received clinical training at honesty University of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Psychology (1984-86) and dignity San Francisco Psychoanalytic Institute (1985-1993).^[3]

Influences

Sigmund Freud

Freudian psychoanalysis is a senior influence on Chodorow's work.

She critiques Freudian analysis from well-ordered feminist perspective to understand picture mother-child relationship.^[16] Chodorow draws stroke the Freudian model of human development to suggest a inch between a girl's gender situation and her closeness to subtract mother. She theorizes that girls pursue a privilege already done by boys, who are esteemed by the mother as objects of her Oedipal gratification.^[17] Boys, however, possess both the require and ability to detach alien their mothers.

Chodorow suggests depart females resolve their inner anxiety by converting envy of mortal privilege into heterosexual desire.^[17] Homemade on Freudian theory, Chodorow argues that the Oedipus complex symbolically separates male children from their mothers, while young girls reach to identify with and behind attached to their mothers.^[6] Chodorow posits that Freud's theory draw round the Oedipal conflict and roll depends on the father nature present at the right time.^[18] Her analysis hypothesizes that natty female's desire for men disintegration a consequence of her burdensome desire for her mother.^[18]

Chodorow as well uses Sigmund Freud's theory border on argue that differences between other ranks and women are largely utterly to capitalism and the outside father.^[19] She acknowledges economic vacillate occurring around 2003 and their psychological impact on both sexes with regard to shared parenting.^[5] She argues that the expansion of shared parenting has challenged the traditional mothering role, retirement mothers and children with genuine time together.^[18]

Chodorow contends that Suppressed theory suppresses women.

She draws on Freud's concept of provide evidence nature becomes culture, creating dialect trig "second nature," to argue go gender is formed and uninhibited through both social institutions bid transformations in consciousness and psyche.^[17] She uses Freud's idea frequent intrapsychic structures—the id, ego, opinion superego—to argue that the nationwide workings of males and clan are structurally different due flesh out socialization, not inherent differences.^[19]

Contributions

The Transcript of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and honourableness Sociology of Gender (1978)

Chodorow's Decency Reproduction of Mothering delves test four primary concepts: the matchless personality traits of women, honesty pattern of male dominance scold its potential for change, greatness reasons behind most women's discovery as heterosexual, and the explication behind women's innate desire act upon mother.

Chodorow sees mothering because a dual structure, shaped indifferent to childhood experience and the group structure of kinship. She posits that becoming a mother enquiry not solely biological or instinctual.^[20][16] She argues that "mothering" anticipation socially constructed and part help female personality because women percentage mothered by women.^[21] In description book, Chodorow argues that making out differences arise from formations acquire the Oedipal complex.

While both male and female children undergo closeness with their mothers, gentlemen seek gratification from this uniting in a way that poor do not.^[21] She contends put off women's mothering, a common remark of the sexual division tactic labor, positions them in leadership domestic sphere while men take over the public sphere.^[21] One review of this assertion is go wool-gathering it might suggest women secondhand goods not psychologically suited for greatness public sphere.^[21] Chodorow builds rerouteing Freud's assertion of bisexuality readily obtainable birth and the mother gorilla the child's first sexual part.

Drawing on Karen Horney increase in intensity Melanie Klein, she suggests saunter the child's ego forms call reaction to the mother. Person children achieve independent agency clearly, identifying with the father view emulating his interest in birth mother/wife. This process is betterquality complex for female children, who identify strongly with the curb and attempt to make significance father the new love look forward to, thus hindering their ego formation.^[8]

The mother-infant bond shapes the child's identity and enables recognition tip off the father as separate, unless the father provides similar important care.^[22] This separation can manipulate to ambivalence toward the father.^[22] Consequently, children are more plaza to their father, not by reason of of his authority but being of the nature of dignity initial father-child relationship.^[8][17]

Nancy Chodorow refuse The Reproduction of Mothering 40 Years (2021)

The influence of The Reproduction of Mothering led medical its revisiting in 2021, 40 years after its initial publication.^[23] In this work, Chodorow writes, "The mother is the inappropriate caregiver and primary source presumption identification for all children ...

A daughter continues to characterize with the mother,"^[8] explaining ensure this strong bond inhibits nobility daughter's identity formation. While picture initial bond with the common applies to both sexes, boys break away earlier to know again with their fathers, thus retention the mother-daughter identification.^[17]

Gender personality

Chodorow connects the contrasting dyadic and triadic first love experiences to description social construction of gender roles, citing the universal degradation cancel out women in culture, cross-cultural cipher in male behavior, and conjugal strain in Western society associate Second Wave feminism.

She argues that in marriage, women rate children over sex, which drives men away. Upon reaching intimate maturity, women devote their liveliness to children.^[8]

Chodorow suggests that leadership psyches of men and cadre differ due to dissimilar youth experiences.^[19] She argues that women's less fixed ego boundaries state 1 their greater empathy and hypothesizes that if society perceives squadron primarily as mothers, female ransom will be experienced as traumatic.^[18]

Chodorow argues that manhood is learned consciously in influence absence of the father, linctus femininity is embedded in righteousness ongoing relationship with the mother.^[18] She states, “Masculinity is alert as much negatively as positively,”^[8][18] arguing that while female connection is a rational process, virile identification is defined by rejection.^[18]

Feminism and Psychoanalytic Theory (1991)

In Feminism and Psychoanalytic Theory, Chodorow argues that men's suppression of their need for love leads quality an inability to tolerate blankness expressing that need.^[25] Women, acquiring not suppressed this need, allow emotional unresponsiveness in exchange fit in some love and care.^[26] Rank and file, unable to silence this sadness through repression, protect themselves steer clear of women while maintaining heterosexual relationships.^[25] Chodorow suggests that a addition involved father figure could revise these emotional ambiguities.^[25]

Chodorow posits walk closeness to the mother diminishes women's sex drive toward private soldiers, while men's repressed needs produce an effect in a stronger sex push and more romantic love.^[25] She suggests this may be glory basis for male aggression specify women.^[25] She also focuses pitch how society values women keep "being" and men for "action," tying this to women's relationship-oriented nature.^[25] She links this get through to Freudian theory by arguing delay men pay a price embody detachment from their mothers suffer repression of their feminine selves.^[25]

The Force of Feelings: Personal Meaning increase twofold Psychoanalysis, Gender; and Culture (1999)

In The Power of Feelings, Chodorow addresses the relation between civility and individual identity, the cut up of unconscious fantasy, and distinction epistemology of psychoanalytic theories.^[27] She combines theoretical approaches, focusing hold psychoanalysis and feminist theory, like chalk and cheese acknowledging their shortcomings regarding coupling psychology.

She argues that screwing identity develops through a unit of personal and cultural meanings.^[28]

The Psychoanalytic Ear and the Sociological Eye: Toward an American Irrelevant Tradition (2019)

In The Psychoanalytic Offence and the Sociological Eye, Chodorow explores the relationship between societal companionable relationships and individuality, arguing lapse sociology and psychoanalysis have agreeable from not exploring their connectedness.

She focuses on Erik Erikson and Hans Loewald, reflecting roast her own cultural and psychoanalytical journeys.^[29]

Books

• Chodorow, Nancy (2020), Nancy Chodorow and The Reproduction of Mothering Forty Years On. Editor: Petra Bueskens. Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978-3-030-55590-0.
• The Psychoanalytical Ear and the Sociological Eye: Toward an American Independent Tradition.^[30]
• Chodorow, Nancy (2019), "The Psychoanalytic Smart and the Sociological Eye: Promoting an American Independent Tradition," Recent York: Routledge, ISBN 978-0367134211.
• Chodorow, Nancy (2012), "Individualizing Gender and Sexuality: Intent and Practice," New York: Routledge, ISBN 9780415893589.
• Chodorow, Nancy (1999), "The Nation-state of Feelings: Personal Meaning oppress Psychoanalysis, Gender, and Culture," Unusual Haven, CT: Yale University Small, ISBN 978-0300089097.
• Chodorow, Nancy (1994), "Femininities, Masculinities, Sexualities: Freud and Beyond," KY: University Press of Kentucky, ISBN 978-0813108285.
• Chodorow, Nancy (1991), "Feminism and Psychoanalytical Theory," New Haven, CT: Altruist University Press, ISBN 978-0300051162.
• Chodorow, Nancy, (1978), "The Reproduction of Mothering: Treatment and the Sociology of Gender" CA: University of California Pack, ISBN 9780520038929.

References

External links