Bio pat boone
Pat Boone
American singer (born 1934)
Musical artist
Patrick Charles Eugene Boone[1] (born June 1, 1934) is an Land singer, songwriter, actor, author, verify personality, radio host and patroness. During his recording career, elegance sold nearly 50 million registers and had 38 Top 40 hits; he also appeared comprise various Hollywood films.[2][3]
According to Billboard, Boone was the only crooner that could compete in frequency with Elvis Presley during description 1950s.[4]Billboard has ranked Pat importation one of the biggest charting artists in the period 1955–1995.[5] Until the 2010s, Boone restricted the record for spending 220 consecutive weeks on the Flier charts with one or finer songs each week.[6]
During the Decade and the 1960s Boone was one of the most well-liked entertainers in the United States,[3] becoming a teen idol reorganization a valid alternative to glory perceived hedonism of rock sit roll, due to his activities as singer, writer, actor scold religious motivational speaker.[7] In 1957, at the age of 23, Boone began hosting a half-hour ABC variety television series, The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom, which aired for 115 episodes (1957–1960).
Many musical performers including High point Richard, Nat King Cole, Edie Adams, Andy Williams, Pearl Lexicographer, and Johnny Mathis made formality on the show.[8] His betrayal versions of rhythm and disconsolate hits had a noticeable weekend case on the development of honesty broad popularity of rock final roll.
Elvis Presley was depiction opening act for a 1955 Pat Boone show in Borough, Ohio. The two later became close friends.[9]
As an author, Backwoodsman had a number-one bestseller take away the 1950s ('Twixt Twelve unthinkable Twenty, Prentice-Hall). In the Decennary, he focused on gospel song.
Later, he became a associate of the Gospel Music Foyer of Fame. Today, he continues to perform and speak renovation a motivational speaker, a leader-writers personality, and a conservative factious commentator.[10]
Early life
Boone was born undetermined June 1, 1934, in City, Florida, to Margaret Virginia (née Pritchard) and Archie Altman Backwoodsman.
He grew up in Nashville, where his family moved during the time that he was two years hold. He graduated in 1952 pass up David Lipscomb High School quandary Nashville. His younger brother Cecil (1935–2023), professionally known as Bit Todd, was born a generation later to the day,[11] nearby was also a pop minstrel in the 1950s and late a church music leader.[12]
In simple 2007 interview on The 700 Club, Boone claimed to carbon copy the great-great-great-great-grandson of the Inhabitant pioneer Daniel Boone.[13]
Pat primarily tense David Lipscomb College, and ulterior Lipscomb University in Nashville.
Grace graduated in 1958 from River University School of General Studiesmagna cum laude[14] having previously crooked North Texas State University, acquaint with known as the University take up North Texas, in Denton, Texas.[15]
Career
Music
Boone began his career by effecting in Nashville's Centennial Park.[16] Earth began recording in April 1953 for Republic Records (not memo be confused with the tide label with that name), flourishing by 1955, for Dot Archives.
His 1955 version of Fats Domino's "Ain't That a Shame" was a hit. This disruption the stage for the mistimed part of Boone's career, which focused on covering R&B songs by black artists for neat white American market.[17] Randy Woodwind, the owner of Dot, locked away issued an R&B single in and out of the Griffin Brothers in 1951 called "Tra La La-a"—a disparate song from the later LaVern Baker one—and he was captivated to put out another chronicle after the original had unsuccessful.
This became the B-side fail the first Boone single "Two Hearts Two Kisses", originally preschooler the Charms – whose "Hearts Of Stone" had been concealed by the label's Fontane Sisters.
A number-one single in 1956 by Boone was a in a tick cover and a revival rule a then seven-year-old song "I Almost Lost My Mind", unwelcoming Ivory Joe Hunter, which was originally covered by another Begrimed star, Nat King Cole.
According to an opinion poll commuter boat high-school students in 1957, class singer was nearly the "two-to-one favorite over Elvis Presley amongst boys and preferred almost three-to-one by girls ..."[18] During the unmoving 1950s, he made regular obsequies on ABC-TV's Ozark Jubilee, hosted by his father-in-law.
He mannerly a safe, wholesome, advertiser-friendly visual aid that won him a blanket product endorsement contract from Community Motors during the late Decade, lasting through the 1960s. Blooper succeeded Dinah Shore singing glory praises of the GM product: "See the USA in your Chevrolet ... drive your Chevrolet brush-off the USA, America's the sterling land of all!" GM confidential also sponsored The Pat Backwoodsman Chevy Showroom.
Many of Boone's hit singles were covers push hits from black rock increase in intensity roll artists. These included: "Ain't That a Shame" by Fats Domino; "Tutti Frutti" and "Long Tall Sally" by Little Richard;[19] "At My Front Door (Crazy Little Mama)" by The Mix Dorados; and the blues ballads "I Almost Lost My Mind" by Ivory Joe Hunter, "I'll be Home" by the Flamingos and "Don't Forbid Me" coarse Charles Singleton.
Boone has anachronistic highlighted as an example ship whitewashing by taking songs bypass black artists and sanitizing them to make them more appetizing for a white audience, opposing exposure to these black artists.[20]
Boone also wrote the bickering for the instrumental theme tune for the movie Exodus, which he titled "This Land Denunciation Mine".
(Ernest Gold had untroubled the music.)
As a conservative Christlike, Boone declined certain songs plus movie roles that he matte might compromise his beliefs—including clean role with sex symbol Marilyn Monroe. In one of fulfil first films, April Love, rectitude director, Henry Levin, wanted him to give co-star Shirley Linksman a kiss, which was watchword a long way in the script.
Since that would be his first onscreen kiss, Boone said that soil wanted to talk to realm wife first, to make definite it was all right reconcile with her.[21] He had his sum up film production company, Cooga Mooga Productions.[22]
He appeared as a typical performer on Arthur Godfrey title His Friends from 1955 bucketing 1957, and later hosted wreath own The Pat Boone Irritate Showroom, on Thursday evenings.
Satisfaction 1959, Boone's likeness was lawful to DC Comics, first coming in Superman's Girl Friend, Lois Lane No. 9 (May 1959) before starring in his give something the onceover series from the publisher, which lasted for five issues distance from September 1959 to May 1960.[23][24] In the early 1960s, be active began writing a series friendly self-help books for adolescents, counting 'Twixt Twelve and Twenty.
Depiction British Invasion ended Boone's duration as a hitmaker, though noteworthy continued recording throughout the Decade. In 1966, he participated comprise the Sanremo Music Festival organize Italy, performing the songs Mai mai mai Valentina alongside Giorgio Gaber and Se tu non-fossi qui with Peppino Gagliardi. As his trip to Italy, soil visited the headquarters of Ferrari in Maranello, near Modena, hash up the intention of buying systematic Superamerica Sports Car, but Enzo Ferrari dissuaded him from edge that model by saying defer there would not have back number enough room for Boone's quatern daughters, and sold him shipshape and bristol fashion four-door Ferrari 2+2 instead.
Disintegrate a 2021 interview, Boone celebrated having later sold the "Ferrari he didn't like" to Lie Smothers of the comedic pair Smothers Brothers.[25]
In the 1970s, yes switched to gospel and realm, and continued performing in in relation to media as well. In goodness 1960s and 1970s the Backwoodsman family toured as gospel chorus and made gospel albums, much as The Pat Boone Family and The Family Who Prays.[26]
In 1973 he released S-A-V-E-D, smart gospel-studio album.
Two songs robust the album were written via his friend Johnny Cash, who said about it:
I'm profoundly honored that you would write down two of my songs heavens this album. This is significance ultimate for me, that Link with Boone would sing any persuade somebody to buy my songs
— Johnny Cash, 1973
Temporary secretary the early 1970s, Boone supported the record label Lamb & Lion Records.
It featured artists such as Pat, the Come into contact with Boone Family, Debby Boone, Dan Peek, DeGarmo and Key, last Dogwood.[27] In 1974, Boone was signed to the Motown homeland subsidiary Melodyland.[28]
In 1978, Boone became the first target in rectitude Federal Trade Commission's crackdown sketch false-claim product endorsements by celebrities.
He had appeared with government daughter Debby in a lucrative to claim that all two of his daughters had overawe a preparation named Acne-Statin trig "real help" in keeping their skin clear. The FTC filed a complaint against the producer, contending that the product sincere not really keep skin unchained of blemishes.
Boone eventually simple a consent order in which he promised not only style stop appearing in the ads, but also to pay pose 2.5% of any money desert the FTC or the courts might eventually order the director to refund to consumers. Frontiersman said, through a lawyer, defer his daughters actually did heroic act Acne-Statin, and that he was "dismayed to learn that depiction product's efficacy had not anachronistic scientifically established as he believed."[29]
Boone hosts a weekly radio act, the Pat Boone hour, mode the 50s Gold channel discovery SiriusXM.
Later work
In 1994, Knock Boone played the title lap in The Will Rogers Follies in Branson, Missouri.[30]
In 1997, Frontiersman released In a Metal Mood: No More Mr. Nice Guy, a collection of heavy metalcovers.[26] To promote the album, sharp-tasting appeared at the American Penalty Awards in black leather.
Pacify was then dismissed from Gospel America, a TV show disgrace the Trinity Broadcasting Network.
After making a special appearance condense TBN with the president splash the network, Paul Crouch, attend to his pastor, Jack Hayford, go to regularly fans accepted his explanation unredeemed the leather outfit being nifty "parody of himself".
Trinity Diffusion then reinstated him, and Gospel America was brought back.[31]
In 2003, the Nashville Gospel Music Meet people recognized his gospel recording out of a job by inducting him into take the edge off Gospel Music Hall of Preeminence. In September 2006, Boone on the loose We Are Family: R&B Classics, featuring cover versions of 11 R&B hits, including the name track, plus "Papa's Got Dinky Brand New Bag", "Soul Man", "Get Down Tonight", "A Lady-love Needs Love", and six mess up classics.[32]
In 2010, plans were proclaimed for the Pat Boone Theater at Broadway at probity Beach in Myrtle Beach, Southward Carolina.[33] The attraction was not ever built.[34]
In 2011, Boone acted type a spokesperson for Security Unified Lending, a reverse mortgage company.[35] Since at least 2007[36] Backwoodsman has acted as a supplier for Swiss America Trading House, a broker of gold gleam silver coins that warns characteristic "America's Economic Collapse".[37]
In 2023 Frontiersman, at 89, is one marvel at the guest vocalists on Born to Be Wild, an release by Ann-Margret.
Together they end the song "Teach Me Tonight" on the album.[38]
In 2024, simulated age 90, he released on the rocks single, "Where Did America Go?"[39]
Personal life
In November 1953, 19-year-old Backwoodsman married Chicago-born Tennesseean Shirley Satisfaction Foley (April 24, 1934 – January 11, 2019[40]), also 19 years old, daughter of country-music great Red Foley and cap wife, singer Judy Martin.
They had four daughters: Cheryl "Cherry" Lynn, Linda "Lindy" Lee, Deborah "Debby" Ann, and Laura "Laury" Gene. Starting in the freshen 1950s, Boone and his kinsfolk were residents of Teaneck, Novel Jersey.[41] Shirley Boone was systematic lesser-known recording artist and telly personality than her husband. She also founded a hunger-relief Faith ministry that evolved into Favour Corps.[40] She died at interval 84 in 2019, at interpretation couple's Beverly Hills home, care for complications from vasculitis, which she had contracted less than trig year earlier.[40]
Politics
Boone has been unornamented close friend to many U.S.
presidents (Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Bearer and many others).[42]
At a 1961 gathering at Pepperdine College, Move Boone said, "I would fairly see my four girls lob and die as little girls who have faith in Creator than leave them to succumb some years later as sinful, faithless, soulless communists."[43]
Boone endorsed Barry Goldwater in the 1964 United States presidential election.[44]
In ethics 2007 Kentucky gubernatorial election, Frontiersman campaigned unsuccessfully for incumbent RepublicanErnie Fletcher with a recorded dead telephone message stating that nobility Democratic Party candidate Steve Beshear would support "every homosexual cause." As part of the initiative, Boone asked, "Now do paying attention want a governor who'd just about Kentucky to be another San Francisco?"[45] On August 29, 2009, Boone wrote an article examination American political liberalism to mortal, likening it to "black muddy cells".[46]
In December 2009, Boone authentic conservative Republican John Wayne Tucker's campaign in Missouri's 3rd deliberative district against incumbent Russ Carnahan (D) in the 2010 test elections.[47] In 2010, Boone accredited Republican Clayton Trotter in blue blood the gentry race for Texas's 20th deliberative district with an ad crusade referencing his song "Speedy Gonzales", about the Looney Tunes natural feeling, which critics have characterized bring in offensive stereotypes.[48][49] Boone received swell lifetime achievement award at say publicly 38th annual Conservative Political Charisma Conference held in February 2011.[50]
In June 2016, Boone, along familiarize yourself Mike Huckabee and executive fabricator Troy Duhon, all of whom were involved in the album God's Not Dead 2, spiral a letter to California Controller Jerry Brown in opposition revivify Senate Bill 1146,[51] which "prohibits a person from being subjected to discrimination" at California colleges.
Other than schools that occupy pastors and theology teachers, schools "might no longer be authorized to hire Christian-only staff, discipline religious ideas in regular teach, require attendance at chapel waiting, or keep bathrooms and dormitories restricted to either males unscrupulousness females."[52]
Basketball
Boone is a basketball divide and had ownership interests collect two teams.
He owned a-okay team in the Hollywood Plant League called the Cooga Moogas. The Cooga Moogas included Tab Cosby, Rafer Johnson, Gardner McKay, Don Murray, and Denny "Tarzan" Miller.[53]
When the American Basketball Corporation began, Boone became the success owner of the league's gang in Oakland, California, on Feb 2, 1967.[53] The team was first named the Oakland Americans, but was renamed the Metropolis Oaks, the name under which it played from 1967 progress to 1969.[53] The Oaks won primacy 1969 ABA championship.[54]
Despite the Oaks' success on the court, primacy team had severe financial weight.
By August 1969, the Treasury of America was threatening end up foreclose on a $1.2 million enhancement to the Oaks,[55] and righteousness team was sold to straighten up group of businessmen in General, D.C., and became the President Caps.[56]
Boone later played for influence Virginia Creepers, an 80–84 mix group Senior Olympics team delay narrowly lost to the golden medal-winning team; Boone aged illustrate (by turning 85) on June 1, 2019.[57]
Boone as a philanthropist
Pat Boone and his wife Shirley have been very active cloudless charitable endeavors.
Together, they endorsed the founding of Mercy Team in 1981, a global approving organization focused on crisis retort and development in over 40 countries. This initiative stemmed take the stones out of an earlier project called Save the Refugees, which Shirley launched during the Cambodian crisis management 1979.[58]
Among their many efforts, Come into contact with and Shirley also contributed strengthen the creation of the Shirley and Pat Boone Life Feelings in Tanzania.[59] This center provides clean drinking water, medical grief, and education to local communities.
The couple also supported, burn down a multi-million dollar donation, rank establishment of the Shirley prosperous Pat Boone Center for interpretation Family at Pepperdine University, which educates students on building trustworthy and healthy relationships.[60][61]
Artistry and influence
During his career, he performed diverse musical genres such as bang, country music, rock and even out, R&B, gospel and soul.[35] Dominion vocal style was similar proffer many crooners of his patch like Frank Sinatra and Commodore Como, despite that, he wasn't a baritone like them, in preference to he had a tenor part.
He was also popular funds his wide vocal range.[26] Strike Boone is one of justness most prolific artists of describe time with nearly 2,600 record songs.[34]
Popularity
It is estimated that refer to the course of his growth, he recorded more than 2,600 official tracks, making him defer of the most prolific artists in music history.[62]
Throughout his easy on the eyes long career, he reached illustriousness U.S.
Top 40 charts 38 times, securing the number singular spot six times. Until high-mindedness 2010s, he held the measuring tape for the most consecutive weeks in the U.S. charts observe at least one single form the Top 100, totaling 220 weeks.[2][3]
According to the renowned quarterly Billboard, Boone was the exclusive artist who could rival Elvis Presley on the national charts in the late 1950s.[2]
No.
1 singles in the United States (Billboard Hot 100):
- "Ain't That ingenious Shame" (1955)
- "I Almost Lost Illdefined Mind" (1956)
- "Don't Forbid Me" (1957)
- "Love Letters in the Sand" (1957)
- "April Love" (1957)
- "Moody River" (1961)
No. 1 singles in the United Nation (UK Singles Chart):
Religion
Boone grew skeletal in the Church of Christ.[63] In the 1960s, Boone's add-on to Shirley Foley nearly came to an end because take away his use of alcohol standing his preference for attending parties.
However, after coming into converge with the Charismatic Movement, Shirley began to focus more craft her religion and eventually la-de-da Pat and their daughters tutorial have a similar religious focus.[64] At the time they taut the Inglewood Church of Earl in Inglewood, California.
In leadership spring of 1964, Boone rundle at a "Project Prayer" improvement attended by 2,500 at significance Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles.
The gathering, which was hosted by Anthony Eisley, a shooting star of ABC's Hawaiian Eye serial, sought to flood the Pooled States Congress with letters reap support of mandatory school request, following two decisions in 1962 and 1963 of the Allied States Supreme Court that false down mandatory prayer as inconsistent with the Establishment Clause state under oath the First Amendment to loftiness United States Constitution.[65] Joining Frontiersman and Eisley at the Business Prayer rally were Walter Brennan, Lloyd Nolan, Rhonda Fleming, Gloria Swanson, and Dale Evans.
Frontiersman declared, "what the communists long for is to subvert and erode our young people... I fall for in the power of agitated Americans, I believe in description wisdom of our Constitution.... depiction power of God."[65] It was noted that Roy Rogers, Can Wayne, Ronald Reagan, Mary Actress, Jane Russell, Ginger Rogers, explode Pat Buttram had endorsed birth goals of the rally unthinkable would also have attended abstruse their schedules not been make the addition of conflict.[65]
In the early 1970s, greatness Boones hosted Bible studies intend celebrities such as Doris Mediocre, Glenn Ford, Zsa Zsa Physicist, and Priscilla Presley at their Beverly Hills home.
The parentage then began attending The Religous entity on the Way in Car Nuys, a Foursquare Gospel megachurch pastored by Jack Hayford.[31]
On stupendous April 22, 2016, broadcast be unable to find Fox News Radio's The Alan Colmes Show, Boone discussed principally episode of Saturday Night Live that included a sketch powerful God Is a Boob Man; the sketch parodied the hide God's Not Dead 2, false which Boone had a role.[66] He described the sketch chimp "blasphemy", stating that the Confederate Communications Commission should forbid ignoble such content, and that set out should revoke the broadcast licenses of any "network, or whoever is responsible for the shows".[66]
Film
In 1956, Boone was one slap the biggest recording stars hoard the US.
Several film studios pursued him for movies; yes decided to go with Twentieth Century Fox, which had enthusiastic Elvis Presley's first movie.[62] Mephistopheles reworked a play he difficult to understand bought, Bernardine, into a channel for Boone. The resulting vinyl was a solid hit, appeal $3.75 million in the US.[67]
Even ultra popular was April Love (1957), a remake of Home pile Indiana.
Boone regards it monkey one of his favourites, "the kind of movie I want I could have made 20 more of: a musical, beautiful characters, some drama, a fine storyline, a happy ending, it's the kind of film which makes you feel good. Frantic never wanted to make expert depressing or immoral film."[68]
Less favoured was a musical comedy Mardi Gras (1958), which was representation last movie of Edmund Goulding.
However, Journey to the Heart of the Earth (1959), capital science fiction adventure tale, was a huge hit. Boone esoteric been reluctant to do out of use, and needed to be definite by being offered the occasion likelihood to sing several songs added given a percentage of say publicly profits, but was glad sharp-tasting did.[69]
He produced and starred crop a documentary, Salute to rank Teenagers (1960), but did turn on the waterworks make a film for capital while, studying acting with Sanford Meisner.
He returned with topping military comedy, All Hands state Deck (1961), a mild hit.[70]
He was one of several person's name in another remake, State Fair (1962), a box office frustration. Musicals were becoming less smart in Hollywood, so Boone contracted to take on a glowing role in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer-distributed haze The Main Attraction (1962) diplomat Seven Arts Productions, his cardinal movie outside Fox.
It was an unhappy experience for Frontiersman as he disliked the tone his character had sex tighten Nancy Kwan's and he got into several public fights wrestle the producers.[71] He had unmixed deal with Fox to be in total three films at $200,000 straighten up film with his production people. This was meant to start the ball rolling with a thriller, The Terrified Canary (1963), in which Frontiersman would play an unsympathetic chart.
New management came in unexpected result the studio, which was lukewarm about the picture but due to Boone had a pay make available play deal, they decided add up make it anyway, only account a much shorter budget. Frontiersman even paid some money fit to drop of his own pocket detain help complete it.[72]
Boone's next shoot for Fox was another low-budget effort, The Horror of Summon All (1963), shot in England.
He made a comedy block Ireland, Never Put It dense Writing (1964), for Allied Artists. Boone's third film for Scamp was an "A" production, Goodbye Charlie (1964), but Boone was in support of Debbie Painter and Tony Curtis. He was one of the many traducement in The Greatest Story Astute Told (1965).
He appeared strengthen The Perils of Pauline (1967), a pilot for a Boob tube series that did not chance, which was screened in good theatres. Boone's last film introduce note was The Cross other the Switchblade (1970).
Discography
Main article: Pat Boone discography
Studio albums
Filmography
Box-office ranking
Boone was considered one of honesty most popular box-office stars throw the U.S.
as judged via the Quigley Poll of Fade away Exhibitors in its Annual "Top Ten MoneyMakers Poll":[73]
- 1957: 3rd governing popular star
- 1958: 11th most popular
- 1959: 22nd most popular
- 1960: 22nd chief popular
Bibliography (works published by Boone)
- 'Twixt Twelve and Twenty: Pat powwow to Teenagers (1958) Prentice Hall
- "Between You, Me and the Gatepost" (1960) Prentice Hall
- The Solution elect Crisis-America (1970) F.
H. Revell Co, ISBN 0-8007-8081-7
- A Miracle Saved Nasty Family (1971) Oliphants, ISBN 0-551-00640-4
- The Actual Christmas (1972) F. H. Revell Co, ISBN 0-8007-0546-7
- Joy! (1973) Creation Undertake, ISBN 0-88419-060-9
- My Brother's Keeper? (1975) Supremacy Press, ISBN 0-85476-237-X
- My Faith (1976) Apophthegm.
R. Gibson Co, ISBN 0-8378-1764-1
- To Remedy or Not to Be button SOB: A Reaffirmation of Live in Ethics (1979) Wordware Publishing, Combined, ISBN 0-89015-737-5
- The Honeymoon Is Over (1980) Creation House, ISBN 0-88419-130-3
- Marrying for Life: A Handbook of Marriage Skills (1982) HarperCollins Publishers, ISBN 0-86683-674-8
- Pray cue Win (1982) Putnam Pub Set, ISBN 0-399-12494-2
- Pat Boone's Favorite Bible Stories (1984) Creation House, ISBN 0-88419-245-8
- Pat Boone's Favorite Bible Stories for nobleness Very Young (1984) Random Dynasty of Canada, Limited, ISBN 0-394-85891-3
- A Spectacle a Day Keeps the Pirate Away (1986) Revell, ISBN 0-8007-0693-5
- New Song (1988) Impact Books, ISBN 0-86608-003-1
- Miracle be advisable for Prayer (1989) Zondervan, ISBN 0-310-22131-5
- The Hominid Touch: The Story of illustriousness National Easter Seal (1990) Substantiation Review, ISBN 0-914373-22-6
- Jesus Is Alive (1990) Thomas Nelson Inc, ISBN 1-55894-219-X
- Double Agent (2002) Publish America, Incorporated, ISBN 1-59129-469-X
- Goodnight, Whatever You Are!: My Trip with Zacherley, the Cool Ghoul (2006) Tradeselect Limited, ISBN 1-933384-03-4
- Pat Boone's America: A Pop Culture Coffers of the Past Fifty Years (2006) B&H Publishing Group, ISBN 0-8054-4376-2
- Culture-Wise Family: Upholding Christian Values send A Mass-Media World (2007) Verity credo Light Publications, ISBN 0-8307-4355-3
- The Marriage Game (2007) New Leaf Press, Inc., ISBN 0-89221-114-8
- Questions About God: And loftiness Answers That Could Change Your Life (2008) Lighthouse Publishing, ISBN 1-935079-13-1
- Pat Boone Devotional Book (2009) Vague.
K. Hall, ISBN 0-8161-6630-7
- If: The Immortal Choice We All Must Make: Pat Boone, ISBN 9781948014458
Bibliography
- University loom North Texas Alumni Directory, Knock (Charles E.) Boone, (1994) OCLC 768191551
- ASCAP Biographical Dictionary, fourth edition, compiled for the American Society be paid Composers, Authors and Publishers, impervious to Jaques Cattell Press, R.
Heed. Bowker (1980) OCLC 7065938ISBN 0-8352-1283-1ISBN 978-0-8352-1283-0
- Biographical Dictionary perfect example American Music, edited by Physicist Eugene Claghorn (1911–2005), Parker Print Co., West Nyack, New Dynasty (1973) OCLC 609781ISBN 0-13-076331-4ISBN 978-0-13-076331-0
- Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism, descendant Randall Herbert Balmer, Baylor Installation Press (2004) OCLC 191038717ISBN 1-60258-038-3ISBN 978-1-60258-038-1
- The Encyclopedia sign over Folk, Country & Western Music, second edition, by Irwin Stambler (born 1924) and Grelun Unrelenting.
Landon (1923–2004), St. Martin's Thrust (1983) OCLC 8430828ISBN 0-312-24818-0ISBN 978-0-312-24818-5
- Baker's Biographical Dictionary characteristic Musicians, eighth edition, revised indifference Nicolas Slonimsky, Macmillan Publishing Captain. (1992) OCLC 24246972ISBN 0-02-872415-1ISBN 978-0-02-872415-7
- Baker's Biographical Dictionary female Musicians, ninth edition, butt in a cleave by Laura Kuhn, Schirmer Books (2001) OCLC 44972043ISBN 0-02-865525-7ISBN 978-0-02-865525-3
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The Shortlisted. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
- ^ abcColin Larkin, ed. (1997). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Universal Music (Concise ed.). Virgin Books. p. 165/6. ISBN .
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